Method and system for displaying textual information

ABSTRACT

A system for displaying textual information includes a receiver ( 300 ) for receiving textual information that includes a plurality of words. A text segmenter ( 302 ), operatively associated with the receiver ( 300 ), segments the plurality of words into a plurality of word segments, each word segment having one or more words. A user interface device ( 304 ) receives a signal initiated by an action of a user to indicate a display rate. A display device ( 306 ) including a processor and a memory, is coupled to the text segmenter and the user interface device. The display device ( 306 ) displays the word segments in a temporal sequence by displaying a first word segment for a first display duration, that is based on the display rate, at a first position on the display device ( 306 ) and automatically proceeding to display a second word segment for a second display duration, that is based on the display rate, at a second position on the display device ( 306 ).

The present application is a continuation of “Method and System forDisplaying Textual Information”, having Ser. No. 08/606,615, filed Feb.26, 1996 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,292,176 whose subject matter is herebyincorporated by reference into the disclosure of the presentapplication.

RELATED INVENTION

The present invention is related to the following inventions which areassigned to the same assignee as the present invention:

“System and Method for Limiting Access to a Book Card”, having Ser. No.08/572,346, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“Apparatus and Method for Storing and Presenting Test” having Ser. No.08/572,451, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“Method and Electronic Book for Creating a Plurality of Versions of aBook”, having Ser. No. 08/572,485, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“An Electronic Book Diary and Method”, having Ser. No. 08/572,602, filedon Dec. 16, 1995.

“Method and Apparatus for Inhibiting the Operation of an ElectronicDevice During take-Off and Landing of an Aircraft, having Ser. No.08/572,603, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“Method and System for Inhibiting the Operation of an Electronic DeviceDuring Take-Off and Landing of an Aircraft”, having Ser. No. 08,572,484,filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“Method and Apparatus for Abridging Text”, having Ser. No. 08/572,834,filed on Dec. 6, 1995.

“A Method of Substituting Names in an Electronic Book”, having Ser. No.08/572,480, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“System and Method of Authoring Tools for an Electronic Book”, havingSer. No. 08/572,358, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“System and Method for an Automatic Library for a Plurality of Bookcars”, having Ser. No. 08/572,482, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“Electronic Book and Method of Selecting a Primary Font and a PrimarySize for Displaying Text therewith”, having Ser. No. 08/572,407, filedon Dec. 16, 1995.

“Electronic Book and Graphical User Interface for Selecting a Book toread Therewith”, having Ser. No. 08/572,406, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“Electronic Book and Graphical User Interface to Provide ControlThereof”, having Ser. No. 08/572,403, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“Electronic Book and Method of Storing at Lest One Book in an InternalMachine-Readable Storage Medium”, having Ser. No. 08/572,593, filed onDec. 6, 1995.

“Electronic Book and Method of Annotatin Therefor”, having Ser. No.08/572,367, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“Electronic Book and a Method of Displaying a Relative Position of aCurrent Page of a Book Therefor”, having Ser. No. 08/572,373, filed onDec. 16, 1995.

“Method and System for Encoding a Book for reading Using an ElectronicBook”, having Ser. No. 08/572,468, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“Electronic Book and Method of Displaying an Animated Page TurnTherefor”, having Ser. No. 08/572,405, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“Electronic Book and Method of Controlling a Rate of InformationDisplayed Thereby”, having Ser. No. 08/572,372, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“Reusable Housing and Memory Card Therefor”, having Ser. No. 08/572,413,filed on Dec. 16, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No.5,661,635.

“Electronic Book and Method of Displaying at Least One Reading MetricTherefor”, having Ser. No. 08/572,842, filed on Dec. 16, 1995, now U.S.Pat. No. 5,697,793.

“Electronic Book and Method of Creating a Personal Log of ReadingActivity Therefor”, having Ser. No. 08/572,456, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

“Electronic Book Having Highlighting Feature”, having Ser. No.08/572,469 filed on Dec. 16, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,748.

“Electronic Book and Method of Capturing and Storing a Quote Therein”,having Ser. No. 08/572,601, filed on Dec. 16, 1995.

The subject matter of the above-identified related inventions are herebyincorporated by reference into the disclosure of this invention.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to methods and systems fordisplaying textual information and, in particular, to their use inconjunction with hand-held electronic reading devices.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various types of hand-held electronic reading devices have been proposedto electronically display textual information for reading by a user. Atypical hand-held electronic reading device includes a display device todisplay the textual information and a user interface which allows a userto navigate through the textual information and access various featuresof the electronic reading device. The display device and the userinterface are incorporated in a hand-held housing to facilitateportability of the electronic reading device.

Some prior art devices include displays that require the user to scanacross a line and sequentially read the words. This kind of displaymimics that of the printed page of words, a direct consequence of theparadigm created by the Gutenberg's printing press. The intent of manyof the existing devices is to emulate the scanning experience associatedwith reading words upon a printed page. Although some devices enable theuser to increment the lines, one line at a time or several lines at atime or to continuously scroll the lines of words, the reader still hasthe same scanning experience associated with reading words upon aprinted page. In this case the reader scans the first line typicallyfrom left to right with his eyes and then re-positions his eyes to scanthe second line. The use of these devices and their requirement forconstant scanning tends to tire the eye muscles.

Other prior art devices scroll the text of a message from left to rightto eliminate the scanning motion of the eyes. This form of scrolling,can adversely affect the ability of the user to comprehend the message'smeaning.

Thus there is a need for an improved method and device which cancommunicate messages whose length is not limited by the physicaldimensions of the display screen and whose comprehension is notseriously affected by the scrolling techniques employed in existingdevices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is pointed out with particularity in the appended claims.However, other features of the invention will become more apparent andthe invention will be best understood by referring to the followingdetailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings inwhich:

FIG. 1 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 presents a pictorial diagram of an example sequence of displayedword segments.

FIG. 3 presents a flowchart representation of a method used inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 presents a pictorial diagram of an example sequence of displayedmaximum word segment sizes.

FIG. 5 presents a pictorial diagram of two example sequences ofdisplayed word segments.

FIG. 6 presents a flowchart representation of a method used inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 presents a pictorial diagram of an example sequence of displayfonts.

FIG. 8 presents a flowchart representation of a method used inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 presents a pictorial diagram of an example sequence of horizontalspacings.

FIG. 10 presents a flowchart representation of a method used inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 presents a pictorial diagram of an example sequence of textjustifications.

FIG. 12 presents a flowchart representation of a method used in oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 presents a flowchart representation of a method used inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 presents a flowchart representation of a method used in oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 presents a flowchart of a method used in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 presents a flowchart representation of an alternative embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 17 presents a block diagram representation of a system used inaccordance with the various embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 18 presents a perspective view of a electronic reading unit inaccordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The various embodiments of the present invention display messages ofvarious length upon a display screen that is, generally, as small as asingle message line display or smaller. The physical characteristics ofthe single message display are quite suitable for hand-held use. Thisavoids the use of larger displays have a resulting increase in size,weight and power consumption which seriously affect their portabilityand performance.

The present invention also provides a display which comprises a spatialposition within a display screen in which one or more words from amessage are displayed in a temporal sequence whose display rate may becontrolled by the user from as slow as one word per minute to severalthousand words per minute. The resulting display is free of anyscrolling effects and allows the user to minimize eye movementsassociated with scanning of a message.

The present invention produces a staring display. The user's eyes areaccommodated as the device display is held at a fixed distance. There isno scanning movement of the eyes either horizontally or vertically,rather the user continues to stare at the display of the message asincremental segments of the message are presented in the same spatialposition within the display screen where they persist for a period oftime and then disappear being replaced by a new segment of the messagethat, in turn, persists for a specific period of time and then alsodisappears as a new segment of the text appears within the same spatiallocation of the display screen. The staring display favors a smaller,minimal dimensioned display while improving human comprehension ofdisplayed messages. Thus the claimed invention addresses the problem ofimproving human comprehension of visually communicated messages whileminimizing display size, power, weight and performance.

The present invention further comprises a set of controls for modifyingthe temporal sequence of the message being displayed, the length of themessage segment displayed, the size and font of the word segmentsdisplayed, and the horizontal spacing of the letters of the messagesegment displayed. The set of controls also comprise a means for messagenavigation of a single message which includes the functions of start,stop, repeat, pause, return, and search.

FIG. 1 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a methodfor displaying textual information, is presented. In step 100 textualinformation that includes a plurality of words is received. In step 102a signal is received that indicates a display rate. In step 104 theplurality of words are segmented into a plurality of word segments, eachword segment having one or more words. In step 106 the word segments aredisplayed in a temporal sequence by displaying a first word segment fora first display duration at a first position on a display device andautomatically proceeding to display a second word segment for a seconddisplay duration, at a second position on a display device. The firstand second display durations are based on the display rate. Optionalfeedback path 108 indicates the repetition of step 106 for successiveword segments to display more than two (and potentially all) of theplurality of word segments.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the repetition of step 106is ceased after a predetermined period of time without the action of theuser. In particular, a “read” button is pressed by the user to initiatethe step of displaying. The displaying of word segments in a temporalsequence continues as long as the button is pressed. If the button isreleased, the sequence is interrupted. This helps in situations wherethe reader may become distracted during reading. If the display wereallowed to continue it may be possible that once the reader returned toreading, he or she could have a difficult time determining where, in thetextual information, he or she left-off.

In an alternative embodiment, a “start” button can be pressed to beginthe display of a temporal sequence of word segments. This embodimentallows a user to read without touching the device. The reading can thenbe paused by pressing a “pause” button and restarted by pressing eitherthe start button or the pause button a second time. The display sequencecan be terminated by pressing a “stop” button.

Consider the following example of the operation of one embodiment of thepresent invention. In this example the reader (a user) wishes to readthe classic nursery rhyme:

Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water. Jack fell downand broke his crown and Jill came tumbling after.

A hand-held electronic reading device, that includes an LCD display,receives a plurality of data that represent the nursery rhyme above.This data is segmented into a plurality of word segments as follows.

Segment No. Segment 1 /Jack and Jill/ 2 /went up the hill/ 3 /to fetch/4 /a pail of water./ 5 /Jack fell down/ 6 /and broke his crown/ 7 /andJill/ 8 /came tumbling after./

The segmentation of the textual information is dependent upon theselection of a maximum word segment size. In the example given above themaximum word segment size is four, however, other values are possible.The variables to be considered in choosing this value include thephysical size of the display device used, the font, display rate, andthe reading preferences of the user. Some users appear to be capable ofassimilating textual information, presented using the various methodsand systems of the present invention, with a maximum word segment sizeof up to seven words without appreciable scanning of the eyes. Otherusers feel more comfortable with a maximum word segment size of only oneor two words.

The method proceeds by receiving a signal indicative of a display rate.This display rate can be a display rate chosen by the user via thedevice's user interface, the last display rate used by the user or adefault display rate. The word segments of “Jack and Jill” are displayedin a temporal sequence by displaying the first word segment /Jack andJill/ for a first display duration at a first position on a displaydevice and thereafter automatically proceeding to display the secondword segment /went up the hill/ for a second display duration and so onfor the remaining word segments.

FIG. 2 presents a pictorial diagram of an example sequence of displayedword segments. In particular, the example sequence corresponds to theexample presented in the preceding paragraphs. In this embodiment of thepresent invention the step of displaying the word segments includesdisplaying the second word segment such that the beginning of the seconddisplay duration occurs after the end of the first display duration.Image 110 represents the first word segment /Jack and Jill/ displayed ona display device 116. Image 112 represents the second word segment /wentup the hill/ displayed on display device 116 at some time after. Image114 represents the display of the third word segment /to fetch/ that isdisplayed after the second word segment. In a preferred embodiment, thestep of displaying the first and second word segments are displayed eachas a single line of text.

FIG. 3 presents a flowchart representation of a method used inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In thisembodiment, the user is given the opportunity to select the maximum wordsegment size. In decision block 120, it is determined if a signal hasbeen received, initiated by an action of the user such as by thepressing of a button attached to a switch, indicating a change to themaximum word segment size. If the signal is not received, the overallmethod continues with a value for the maximum word segment sizedetermined either from a default value or from the previous maximum wordsegment size, if any. If a maximum word segment size signal has beenreceived, the maximum word segment size is incremented as shown in step122.

In this fashion, the user can repeatedly increment the maximum wordsegment size until the desired value is reached. If the desired value isless than the current value, the user can continue to increment themaximum word segment size until a largest value is reached, at whichpoint, a further signal initiated by the user causes the procedure to“wrap-around” to a smallest maximum word segment size. In a furtherembodiment of the present invention, the maximum word segment size isentered directly by the user by means of a numerical keypad, therebyavoiding the repetitive incrementing of the maximum word segment size.

This maximum word segment size selection procedure can be executed priorto step 106 of displaying the word segments and step 104 of segmentingthe words into word segments. In a preferred embodiment, this procedurecan also be executed by interrupting the temporal sequence display instep 106 and, in its place, displaying the value of the maximum wordsegment size. Control can then be returned to the step of displayingupon the generation of a signal, initiated by an action of the user orby a time-out condition, indicating the temporal display can continue.

FIG. 4 presents a pictorial diagram of an example sequence of displayedmaximum word segment sizes. In this example, the largest maximum wordsegment size is 5 and the smallest maximum word segment size is 1.Further, the default maximum word segment size is 2. Image 130represents a display of the default maximum word segment size on displaydevice 116. Image 132 represents the display after a signal is receivedindicating the user's intent to increment the value of the maximum wordsegment size. Images 134, 136, 137, 138 and 139 represent successivedisplayed images after additional signals are received.

FIG. 5 presents a pictorial diagram of two example sequences ofdisplayed word segments. In particular, these example sequences eachcorrespond to the Jack and Jill example previously presented. The firstdisplay sequence comprising images 140, 142, 144 and 148 illustrate thedisplay of the first seven words of the textual information with amaximum word segment size of two. The second display sequence comprisingimages 150 and 152 illustrate the display of the same information with amaximum word segment size of 4.

It should be noted form this example that the choice of maximum wordsegment size and the corresponding segmentation in the first displaysequence coincides with a natural rhythm of the piece when it is readaloud as a rhyme. Alternatively, the maximum word segment size and thecorresponding segmentation in the second display sequence coincide moreclosely with the structure and content of the first sentence of thepiece—“Jack and Jill” are the subjects and “went up the hill” are theactions they performed.

While the maximum word segment size has an influence on how well thedisplay of the piece matches the way the piece would naturally be read,the segmentation itself has a more direct bearing on this. In apreferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of segmentingwords into word segments includes segmenting the plurality of words intoa plurality of word segments based on the content of the words. In thesimplest form, the punctuation of the piece can be used in segmentation.In this embodiment, a word segment would end with a comma, colon,semicolon or period instead of going on to the next word or words. Infurther embodiments, the segmentation of the words can more directlycorrespond to the form and structure of each sentence. The segmentationof the textual information into word segments would begin with a parsingof the textual information into sentences and into sub-sentencecomponents. To the extent these subsentence components do not violatethe maximum word segment size, these subsentence components are assignedto be the word segments. Any over-size word segments are then split-upinto word segments conforming to the maximum word segment size.

In an additional embodiment of the present invention, information thatincludes embedded graphical information as well as text is segmented. Ina preferred embodiment, the presence of graphical information isindicated on the display using a graphics specific icon. In this fashionthe user knows that graphical information is present in the originalmaterial that corresponds with the displayed text of the word segment.If the display of word segments is paused, the graphics icon can beselected—thereby displaying a reference or pointer to the originalgraphical information. In one embodiment of the present invention thisreference or pointer includes an electronic address of the originalsource of the graphical information. In another embodiment, thereference or pointer includes an citation of the original sourcematerial that includes the page that the graphical information is found.

FIG. 6 presents a flowchart representation of a method used inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In thisembodiment, the step of displaying includes displaying the first andsecond word segments in a selectable display font. A signal, initiatedby the action of a user, is received to indicate the display font. Indecision block 160 it is determined if the display font signal isreceived. If the signal is not received, the overall method continueswith either from a default font or from the previous font, if any. If adisplay font signal has been received, the display font is incrementedas shown in step 162.

In this fashion, the user can repeatedly increment the display fontuntil the desired value is reached. If the user has passed the font heor she desires, the user can continue to increment the display fontuntil a last font is reached, at which point, a further signal initiatedby the user causes the procedure to “wrap-around” to a first font. In apreferred embodiment of the present invention the selection of displayfonts includes fonts of different sizes to accommodate the tastes ofdifferent users in varying reading conditions.

This display font selection procedure can be executed prior to step 106of displaying the word segments. In a preferred embodiment, thisprocedure can also be executed by interrupting the temporal sequencedisplay in step 106 and, in its place, displaying the current wordsegment in the selected font. Control can then be returned to the stepof displaying upon the generation of a signal, initiated by an action ofthe user or by a time-out condition, indicating the temporal display cancontinue.

FIG. 7 presents a pictorial diagram of an example sequence of displayfonts. Image 170 represents a display of the current word segment in afirst font on display device 116. Image 172 represents the display aftera signal is received indicating the user's intent to increment thedisplay font. Images 174 and 176 represent successive displayed imagesafter additional signals are received.

FIG. 8 presents a flowchart representation of a method used inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In thisembodiment, the step of displaying includes displaying the first andsecond word segments in a selectable horizontal spacing. A signal,initiated by the action of a user, is received to indicate thehorizontal spacing. In decision block 180 it is determined if thehorizontal spacing signal is received. If the signal is not received,the overall method continues with either from a default spacing or fromthe previous spacing, if any. If a horizontal spacing signal has beenreceived, the horizontal spacing is incremented as shown in step 182.

In this fashion, the user can repeatedly increment the horizontalspacing until the desired value is reached. If the user has passed thespacing he or she desires, the user can continue to increment thehorizontal spacing until a last spacing is reached, at which point, afurther signal initiated by the user causes the procedure to“wrap-around” to a first spacing.

This horizontal spacing selection procedure can be executed prior tostep 106 of displaying the word segments. In a preferred embodiment,this procedure can also be executed by interrupting the temporalsequence display in step 106 and, in its place, displaying the currentword segment in the selected horizontal spacing. Control can then bereturned to the step of displaying upon the generation of a signal,initiated by an action of the user or by a time-out condition,indicating the temporal display can continue.

FIG. 9 presents a pictorial diagram of an example sequence of horizontalspacings. Image 190 represents a display of the current word segment ina first spacing on display device 116. Image 192 represents the displayafter a signal is received indicating the user's intent to increment thehorizontal spacing.

FIG. 10 presents a flowchart representation of a method used inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In thisembodiment, the step of displaying includes displaying the first andsecond word segments in a selectable text justification. A signal,initiated by the action of a user, is received to indicate the textjustification. In decision block 200 it is determined if the textjustification signal is received. If the signal is not received, theoverall method continues with either from a default justification orfrom the previous justification, if any. If a text justification signalhas been received, the text justification is incremented as shown instep 202.

In this fashion, the user can repeatedly increment the textjustification until the desired value is reached. If the user has passedthe justification he or she desires, the user can continue to incrementthe text justification until a last justification is reached, at whichpoint, a further signal initiated by the user causes the procedure to“wrap-around” to a first justification.

This text selection procedure can be executed prior to step 106 ofdisplaying the word segments. In a preferred embodiment, this procedurecan also be executed by interrupting the temporal sequence display instep 106 and, in its place, displaying the current word segment in theselected text justification. Control can then be returned to the step ofdisplaying upon the generation of a signal, initiated by an action ofthe user or by a time-out condition, indicating the temporal display cancontinue.

FIG. 11 presents a pictorial diagram of an example sequence of textjustifications. Image 210 represents a display of the current wordsegment in left-justification on display device 116. Image 212represents the display after a signal is received indicating the user'sintent to increment the text justification to center-justification.Image 214 represents the display after a signal is received indicatingthe user's intent to increment the text justification toright-justification.

FIG. 12 presents a flowchart representation of a method used in oneembodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a user cansearch for a particular word segment by entering a search word. Asignal, initiated by the action of a user, indicates a user's intent tohave a search performed. In decision block 220 it is determined if asearch signal has been received. If not, the overall method continues,If a search signal is received, the procedure receives a search termfrom the user as is shown in step 222. In a preferred embodiment, thesearch word is entered by means of a keypad entry. Once the search wordis entered, the word segments are searched to identify the firstoccurrence of the search word. This word segment becomes the currentword segment.

This search procedure can be executed prior to step 106 of displayingthe word segments. In this case the first word segment to be displayedis the current word segment—the word segment with the first occurrenceof the search word. The display of the word segments in the temporalsequence then continues with the display of the next word segment,regardless of whether or not it contains the search term, and so on.

In a preferred embodiment, this procedure can also be executed byinterrupting the temporal sequence display in step 106 and, in itsplace, displaying the search word as it is entered. Control can then bereturned to the step of displaying upon the generation of a signal,initiated by an action of the user indicating that the search beabandoned, by a time-out condition or by the completion of the search,indicating the temporal display can continue. The temporal displaycontinues from the identified word segment that contains the firstoccurrence of the search word, if any.

In one embodiment of the pre sent invention, a user is allowed to mark aword segment of interest by initiating a mark signal by pressing a“mark” button. In a preferred embodiment, the display device displays anindication of such a mark, such as, with a mark icon in a corner of thedisplay. The user is also allowed to return to view these marked wordsegments in the order they were marked by repeatedly initiating a returnsignal by repeatedly pressing a “return” button.

FIG. 13 presents a flowchart representation of a method used inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. This embodimentincludes step 230 of displaying an indicator of a number of theplurality of word segments that have been displayed. This allows thereader the opportunity to determine how much he or she has read up tothe current point in time. A counter counts the number of words or thenumber of word segments that have been read. In a preferred embodiment,this indicator, is presented on the display device as a messageindicating the number of words read in the context of a total number ofword segments in the plurality of word segments. In an alternativeembodiment this indication is displayed on a second display device as abar graph of the number of word segments that have been displayed in thecontext of a total number of word segments in the plurality of wordsegments. This type of display also allows the user to determine howmuch is left to be read in a particular piece.

FIG. 14 presents a flowchart representation of a method used in oneembodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a user canrepeat a particular word segment. A signal, initiated by the action of auser, indicates a user's intent to repeat. In decision block 240 it isdetermined if a repeat signal has been received. If not, the overallmethod continues, If a repeat signal is received, the procedure goesback n word segments as shown in step 242 and continues the temporaldisplay sequence from that point. The value of n can be one orgreater—corresponding a user-selected value or based on a default value.In other words, the repeat procedure begins by receiving a signalinitiated by the action of a user to indicate a repeat word segmentcondition. The first word segment as defined by step 106 is assigned tobe the repeat word segment—the repeat word segment being n word segmentsprevious to the current word segment. Finally, step (d) is repeated forthe first word segment and subsequent word segments from the pluralityof word segments.

FIG. 15 presents a flowchart of a method used in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment the displayduration of a word segment is determined based on a plurality offactors. In particular, the display duration of a word segment isdetermined based on such factors as the display rate, the content of theword segment (potentially including punctuation), and the expectedamount of time necessary to read the word segment as shown in step 250.In this fashion the display duration for word segments in a temporalsequence can be nonuniform—with some word segments being displayed forlonger durations than other word segments.

The desired display rate indicated by the user can serve as the basisfor determining the display duration. However, this value can beadjusted up or down based on the content of an individual word segment.Word segments with relatively more words than others, can be assignedlonger display durations than shorter word segments in proportion to theexpected assimilation time of the reader. Words can be sorted by theirrelative frequency in common text. A look-up table with a dictionary ofwords and their relative frequency can be used to determine the displayduration of a word segment. For instance, the word segment “I know”would be assigned a relatively shorter display time than the wordsegment “based on contexturality” given the relative infrequency of theword “contexturality”. Likewise the presence of punctuation in a wordsegment such as a comma, colon, semi-colon, exclamation point or periodcan be used to increase the display duration based upon the pause onewould imply if reading these segments.

In a further embodiment, the display duration for each word segment canbe experimentally determined and assigned to each word segment based onthe expected amount of time a representative user (or average of anumber of users) take to read the word segment in context of the textualinformation. This embodiment lends itself more easily to an embodimentwhere the segmenting of the textual information is performed onceoff-line prior to the step of displaying, as will be described inconjunction with the following figure.

FIG. 16 presents a flowchart representation of an alternative embodimentof the present invention. This embodiment is for use in an electronicreading unit having a visual display device. In particular thisembodiment includes a method for displaying textual information, thetextual information including a sequence of non-overlapping wordsegments, each of the non-overlapping word segments having no more thanseven words. The method begins in step 260 by displaying, on the visualdisplay device, a first word segment from the sequence ofnon-overlapping word segments for a first selected time period, thefirst word segment being displayed statically and in-full for the firstselected time period—wherein the first and ith selected time periods aredetermined based on a reading rate selected by a user and, respectively,based on the content of the first and ith word segments. The methodcontinues in step 262 by displaying, on the visual display device, anwith word segment from the sequence of non-overlapping word segments foran with selected time period, the with word segment being displayedstatically and in-full for the ith selected time period, the ithselected time period being after the first predetermined time period. Inaddition, the method continues by incrementing the value of i andrepeating the step of displaying the ith word segment for incrementedvalues of i. This embodiment of the present invention likewise yields asequence of word segments that are displayed in a fashion that is, inmany ways, similar to the method described in context with FIG. 1. Itshould be noted that the various alternative embodiments attributed tothe method of FIG. 1 would likewise apply to the method of FIG. 16.

In a preferred embodiment the textual information, having previouslybeen segmented into a plurality of word segments, is loaded in a memorydevice such as a standard PCMCIA memory card. The memory card isinterfaced to the electronic reading unit by slipping the memory card ina PCMCIA card-slot in the electronic reading unit. The electronicreading unit then serves as a platform for the various methods describedherein. This configuration allows for more sophisticated segmentation ofthe textual information. Segmentation time and complexity can beincreased due to the off-line nature of the segmentation. Further, therequirements of the electronic reading unit hardware are lessened by nothaving to perform this function.

FIG. 17 presents a block diagram representation of a system used inaccordance with the various embodiments of the present invention. Inparticular, a system for displaying textual information includes areceiver 300 for receiving textual information that includes a pluralityof words. A text segmenter 302, operatively associated with the receiver300, segments the plurality of words into a plurality of word segments,each word segment having one or more words. A user interface device 304receives a signal initiated by the action of a user to indicate adisplay rate. A display device 306, including a processor such as ageneral microprocessor or the like and an electronic memory such as DRAMor SRAM, is coupled to the text segmenter and the user interface device.The display device 306 displays the word segments in a temporal sequenceby displaying a first word segment for a first display duration, that isbased on the display rate, at a first position on the display device 306and automatically proceeding to display a second word segment for asecond display duration, that is based on the display rate, at a secondposition on the display device 306.

FIG. 18 presents a perspective view of a electronic reading unit inaccordance with the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, thiselectronic reading unit 400 includes a body having base 402 and lid 404,attached thereto by means of integral hinges 406. Lid 404 and base 402pivot between an open position (shown) and a closed position. Lid 404contains a first LCD display device 116 for displaying a sequence ofword segments. Display device 116 further displays an indicator 408 of anumber word segments that have been displayed. Each of the buttons410-422 and 432-442 are connected to switches (not shown) that are usedto control the various functions of the device by means of theinitiation of one or more signals.

The rate buttons 410 are used to control the display rate. The readbutton 412 can be pressed by the user to initiate display of wordsequences and its release suspends the display of word sequences. Thefont button 412 is used to increment the display font. The size button414 is used to control the maximum word segment size. The space button416 is used to control the horizontal spacing of the display andjustification button 418 is used to control the text justification. Thesearch button 420 is used to initiate a search for a search word. Therepeat button 422 is used to repeat one or more word segments. The pausebutton 432 allows a user to temporarily suspend the display of wordsequences. The start button 434 and stop button 436 allow the user tostart and stop the display sequence in an alternative embodiment. Themark button 440 allows a user to mark one or more word segments ofinterest and the return button 438 allows the user to return to theseword segments.

Keyboard 424 allows the user to enter alphanumeric information in orderto perform the various functions described in accordance with themethods of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, thekeyboard 424 is configured in the QWERTY style of a standard computerkeyboard. However, other configurations are possible as is understood bythose skilled in the art. Electronic reading unit 400 also includes aPCMCIA card slot 426 for accepting PCMCIA memory cards containingtextual information such as card 450. Connector 428 likewise provides aninterface for downloading textual information from computers, on-lineservices and the like. Speaker 430 is coupled to an integrated amplifierand voice synthesis unit that enunciates the word segments as they aredisplayed. The sound button 442 toggles the voice synthesis unit on andoff.

While the various embodiments of the present invention have beenpresented in the context of a system for displaying textual informationand an electronic reading unit, the application of the present inventionas a subsystem to an existing system is also possible. The use of thepresent invention as a method and system for displaying textual messagesin a wired or wireless communication system including a subscriber unitsuch as a pager, telephone, cellular telephone or answering machine arepossible. In one embodiment, the present invention is an embeddedapplication in these existing devices sharing the functionality of oneor more of the existing devices elements and or components. In analternative embodiment, the present invention is embedded in a PCMCIAcard or smartcard that is inserted in an existing device in order toperform the various functions described herein.

In an additional embodiment of the present invention the presentinvention is embodied in a standard PCMCIA card or stand-alone smartcard having its own display, user interface and energy source. Thisconfiguration provides the ultimate in small size and portability.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the various methodsdescribed herein are implemented as one or more software proceduresrunning on a programmed computer or computer processor. Theseprocedures, in conjunction with the computer system, can provide thefunctionality described herein to the user.

While specific embodiments of the present invention have been shown anddescribed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that thedisclosed invention may be modified in numerous ways and may assume manyembodiments other than the preferred form specifically set out anddescribed above.

Accordingly, it is intended by the appended claims to cover allmodifications of the invention which fall within the true spirit andscope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising: a wireless telephonecomprising a receiver to receive a textual message that includes aplurality of words including a first word and a second word, the secondword sequentially following the first word; and a display device tosequentially display the plurality of words, the display device having adisplay screen sized to accommodate display of both the first word andthe second word concurrently, but wherein the display is controlled suchthat the first word is displayed during a first time period and thesecond word is displayed during a second time period, the second timeperiod following completion of the first time period, such that thefirst word is displayed on the screen without the second word and thesecond word is displayed on the screen without the first word.
 2. Theapparatus of claim 1 wherein the display device is responsive to apresence of a punctuation mark in the textual message to display a wordthat immediately precedes the punctuation mark for a duration greaterthan a duration for which a word that immediately follows thepunctuation mark is displayed.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein thepunctuation mark is selected from the group consisting of a comma, acolon, a semicolon, an exclamation point, and a period.
 4. The apparatusof claim 1 wherein the display device is to left justify the display ofeach of the plurality of words.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein thedisplay device is to center justify the display of each of the pluralityof words.
 6. An apparatus comprising: a wireless pager comprising areceiver to receive a textual message that includes a plurality of wordsincluding a first word and a second word, the second word sequentiallyfollowing the first word; and a display device to sequentially displaythe plurality of words, the display device having a display screen sizedto accommodate display of both the first word and the second wordconcurrently, but wherein the display is controlled such that the firstword is displayed during a first time period and the second word isdisplayed during a second time period, the second time period followingcompletion of the first time period, such that the first word isdisplayed on the screen without the second word and the second word isdisplayed on the screen without the first word.
 7. The apparatus ofclaim 6 wherein the display device is responsive to a presence of apunctuation mark in the textual message to display a word thatimmediately precedes the punctuation mark for a duration greater than aduration for which a word that immediately follows the punctuation markis displayed.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the punctuation markis selected from the group consisting of a comma, a colon, a semi-colon,an exclamation point, and a period.
 9. The apparatus of claim 6 whereinthe display device is to left justify the display of each of theplurality of words.
 10. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the displaydevice is to center justify the display of each of the plurality ofwords.
 11. An apparatus comprising: a receiver to receive a textualmessage that includes a plurality of words including a first word, apunctuation mark, and a second word, the punctuation mark sequentiallyfollowing the first word, the second word sequentially following thepunctuation mark; and a display device to sequentially display theplurality of words and the punctuation mark, the display device having adisplay screen sized to accommodate display of the first word, thepunctuation mark, and the second word concurrently, but wherein thedisplay is controlled such that the first word and the punctuation markare displayed during a first time period and the second word isdisplayed during a second time period, the second time period followingcompletion of the first time period, such that the first word isdisplayed on the screen without the second word and the second word isdisplayed on the screen without the first word.
 12. The apparatus ofclaim 11 wherein the punctuation mark is selected from the groupconsisting of a comma, a colon, a semi-colon, an exclamation point, anda period.
 13. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the display device is toleft justify the display of each of the plurality of words.
 14. Theapparatus of claim 11 wherein the display device is to center justifythe display of each of the plurality of words.
 15. A method comprising:receiving a first word of a text message, the text message comprising aplurality of words; receiving a second word of the text message, thesecond word sequentially following the first word: and displaying theplurality of words on a display having a display screen sized toaccommodate display of both the first word and the second wordconcurrently, wherein the display is controlled such that the first wordis displayed during a first time period and the second word is displayedduring a second time period, the second time period following completionof the first time period, such that the first word is displayed on thescreen without the second word and the second word is displayed on thescreen without the first word.
 16. The method of claim 15, furthercomprising: receiving a punctuation mark, the punctuation marksequentially following the first word and preceding the second word; anddisplaying the punctuation mark concurrently with the first word duringthe first time period, wherein the first time period is greater than thesecond time period.
 17. The method of claim 15 wherein the punctuationmark is selected from the group consisting of a comma, a colon, asemi-colon, an exclamation point, and a period.
 18. The method of claim15 wherein displaying the plurality of words comprises center justifyingeach of the plurality of words.